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HCoV-HKU1, which spreads through respiratory droplets, is less severe than SARS or COVID-19. Experts suggested preventive measures like hand hygiene, masking and vaccination can help reduce the risk of infection. While recovery is usually quick, vulnerable groups may experience prolonged symptoms.
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Human Coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1), first identified in 2004 in Hong Kong, belongs to the Betacoronavirus group. It is an RNA virus that infects both humans and animals. While it typically causes mild symptoms similar to the common cold, in some cases, it can lead to more severe infections such as pneumonia and breathing difficulties.
The virus spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. A recent case was detected in a 45-year-old woman in Kolkata, who presented with fever, cough and cold but is recovering well. There is no cause for panic as HCoV-HKU1 generally causes a milder illness compared to SARS and MERS.
Firstpost spoke with Dr. Monica Mahajan, Director of Internal Medicine at Max Healthcare, to understand more about the disease, its symptoms and preventive measures.
Symptoms to watch for
Dr. Mahajan: HKU1 typically causes mild symptoms like fever, cough and cold but can occasionally lead to severe respiratory issues such as pneumonia and breathing difficulties.
Fever: A common symptom that typically appears first.
Cough: Dry or productive, often accompanies the fever.
Cold Symptoms: Runny nose and nasal congestion.
Sore Throat: Often present with other flu-like symptoms.
Body Aches and Headache: Common alongside fever and cold symptoms. In more severe cases, symptoms may progress to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), especially in those with weakened immunity or existing lung conditions.
Prevention tips to keep yourself safe
Dr. Mahajan: To prevent HCoV-HKU1 infection, practice good hygiene, wash hands regularly, avoid close contact with sick individuals, wear masks in crowded places and maintain respiratory etiquette.
Practice Good Hygiene: Wash hands frequently and avoid touching your face.
Follow Cough Etiquette: Cover your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing.
Avoid Close Contact with Infected Individuals: Stay away from anyone showing flu-like symptoms.
Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet can help boost your immune system.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to maintain hydration.
Vaccinate for Influenza: Once the new flu vaccines for 2025-26 are available, get vaccinated to reduce your risk of flu-like symptoms.
Is Human Coronavirus HKU1 More Contagious Than Other Respiratory Viruses?
Dr. Mahajan: HCoV-HKU1 spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, much like other respiratory viruses such as influenza, SARS, and MERS. However, it is not more contagious than the flu, and it is considered to cause milder infections than SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The current global surge in influenza cases is mainly due to the rapid mutation of the influenza virus and the incomplete protection offered by the influenza vaccine.
How long does recovery take?
Dr. Mahajan: For most individuals, recovery from HKU1 is relatively quick, with mild flu-like symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, headache, and fever. The recovery time typically ranges from a few days to a week, depending on the individual’s immune system and overall health. Those with weakened immunity, such as diabetics, cancer patients, and the elderly, may experience more severe symptoms and a longer recovery period.
Treatment is primarily symptomatic, including paracetamol for fever and antihistamines for congestion, and ensuring adequate hydration and rest.
How HKU1 affects children: What parents should know
Dr. Mahajan: Children, especially infants and young kids, can be vulnerable to infections like HCoV-HKU1. However, like adults, they typically experience mild symptoms such as fever, cough, and a runny nose. Although severe complications are rare, it’s essential for parents to monitor for any signs of worsening symptoms like difficulty breathing or high fever, and to seek medical care if necessary. Good hygiene practices, including hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, are key to preventing the spread of the virus in children.