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Obesity isn’t just about appearance, it’s a major cancer risk. Experts explain the link and share practical lifestyle changes to protect your health.
Obesity contributes to nearly 20% of global cancer cases.
Obesity is often discussed in the context of diabetes, heart disease, and joint issues. But there’s a less-recognised danger: cancer. Studies show that excess body fat contributes to nearly 20% of all cancer cases globally. India, with rising obesity rates, is witnessing a similar trend, making awareness and prevention more urgent than ever.
Dr. Sredharan M, Consultant in Surgical Oncology at Manipal Hospital, Goa, stresses, “For the sake of prevention, it is important to learn about this under-recognised connection.” He explains that obesity affects the body biologically in ways that fuel cancer growth, from hormonal imbalance to chronic inflammation.
How Obesity Fuels Cancer
Excess fat disrupts several key mechanisms in the body:
- Hormonal Imbalance: Elevated estrogen levels promote growth in hormone-sensitive cancers like breast and uterine cancers.
- Chronic Inflammation: Persistent inflammation damages DNA and encourages tumour formation.
- Insulin Resistance: High insulin and IGF-1 levels drive cell proliferation and reduce natural cell death.
- Adipokine Dysregulation: Molecules like leptin produced by fat tissue can stimulate cancer growth.
Dr. Sachin Sekhar Biswal, Consultant in Medical Oncology at Manipal Hospital Bhubaneswar, adds, “Starting from causal association to outcomes of treatment, recurrences, and prognosis, each step in cancer patients’ journey gets affected by obesity.” He points out that certain cancers, such as endometrial, ovarian, breast, kidney, and colorectal, show a particularly strong link with excess body weight.
Lifestyle Changes That Make a Difference
The good news? Small, sustainable changes can dramatically reduce cancer risk. Experts recommend:
- Move More: Moderate exercise – just 150 minutes per week – lowers insulin and inflammation.
- Eat Smart: Emphasise fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and healthy fats; avoid ultra-processed foods.
- Prioritise Sleep and Manage Stress: Both impact metabolic health and weight gain.
Dr. Sredharan emphasises, “Weight is not about the scale; it is about cancer risk, being alive, and quality of life.” Dr. Biswal echoes this, noting that weight reduction – whether through diet, exercise, or bariatric surgery – can decrease both cancer incidence and mortality, supporting better outcomes for survivors and the general population alike.
Rethinking Obesity
Obesity is not merely a cosmetic concern; it’s a modifiable risk factor for life-threatening disease. By understanding the connection and taking practical steps, individuals can actively reduce their cancer risk while improving overall well-being.
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Delhi, India, India